The only time I've done sumbel, was at my friends feasts - and usually at Yule. Since these feasts ended (since the host moved away) I've been focusing on a mini sumbel ceremony for New Year's Eve. I did some research on sumbel to write this post so people - instead of using New Year's Eve as a 'piss-up' - can use the evening as a tool for reflection (boasts) and future manageable plans (oaths).
Heathenry is a growing practice, a
fellowship that is increasing in knowledge and numbers. Ásatrú and Odinism are
a part of a growing community, descendents of Scandinavian countries are bring back the worship and reverence of the Norse Gods. One
thing about being Heathen and being in Victoria, you actually have the pleasure
of living in a landscape that feels the colder temperatures similar to Northern
Europe. That’s alright when you have the right clothes to wear, a woollen
tunic, dress and cloak. That's what I did with my friends feasts- being a medieval re-enactor and a pagan certainly got me used to being dressed appropriately for rituals and blots.
Yule is celebrated in the Northern Hemisphere just before Christmas, and for some Heathens, sumbel will be celebrated then. But this post is for New Years Eve (today!) - hope it's not too late to post this up - anyone reading this blog before their midnight tonight, wherever they are in the world - might have time to do this ceremony!
Sumbel
(also symbel, or sumbal) is a holy ritual conducted during a blót, a feast or meal conducted by the Norse people
in days of old. Sumbel is toasting with a drinking horn – often carried out at
the end of a ritual or feast. A drinking horn filled with alcohol – usually
mead, but whatever you want, is passed around the room clockwise. Each person
choosing to be involved in sumbel will drink and toast in three rounds (passing the horn around the room to each attendee). These
rounds can vary per gathering, desires, and needs. Headed by the Gothi (goði - priest) or
Gythia (gyðja - priestess) or the host of the party, the horn is passed around three times each with a different toast.
Often the rounds consist of:
- Round 1: To the Gods and/or the Goddesses
- Round 2: To the ancestors and/or a personal hero
- Round 3: For an Oath, Boast, or Toast
1: To toast to the Gods and Goddesses, or the Æsir, you
will be raising the horn to whichever God or Goddess sits in your favour at
that time. Perhaps you have felt their presence in your life, or you feel an
affiliation with then, and wish to thank them. Give your reasons within your
speech as to why you speak of them. If you do not like the alcohol, simply pour
some onto the ground, the fire, a blessing bowl or anoint your forehead. Finish
your speech with ‘Hail’ and all those in the room will echo you.
2: Toasting to your ancestors or personal heroes – you
must give reasons why you toast to them, why they are your heroes at the time.
Make sure your individuals are deceased, it is believed to be ill luck to toast
an ancestor not yet dead. You may even want to tell a short tale about that
hero, a tale that inspires and instills motivation within you, something that
might make sense or imitate your life at that moment. Again, finish you speech
with a ‘Hail.’
3: In this final round, you will raise the horn in an
Oath, Boast or Toast. You may choose one, two or all of these three toasts:
Oath: You may make an oath to do something or improve on
something, but be prepared for it to be taken very seriously. Never oath
anything you do not expect to be able to complete, the Gods would not want you
to be hard on yourself.*
Boast: You may boast about something you have achieved
recently, something that you are proud of yourself for.
Toast: You may toast anything or anyone that has brought you
happiness in whatever form and has improved your life or well-being, or toast
the hosts of the feast and ritual or the attendees.
Don’t forget to say ‘Hail!’
The people present
at the feast will listen to your oath and take note of it, as sumbel is a
powerful and emotional ritual, you will want to be honest and true to yourself,
as this oath will be a powerful sacrament – words are very strong, the Æsir are
present, and your loved ones and ancestors are there listening. You must be
honourable to yourself, so make sure your oath has meaning to you, and you are
capable of implementation.
*Attending sumbel can be quite revealing, as you will hear a lot of personal
feelings being expressed, have respect for what they say. You may feel the
compulsion to reveal much yourself during your toasts, so be prepared to be conveying
personal moods and emotions. It is a time of honesty and you should be in a space
where people trust each other. If you don't feel safe, don't participate - if you can't reveal what you really need to, maybe it is not a good time to participate. Or read the next bit.
You can choose not
to do all of these three things – when you receive the horn, you may simply
raise the horn to the Gods, take a drink and pass it on. You are not under any
obligation to push yourself to say anything at all, if you are not comfortable.
Some people may not have a God or ancestor to toast to, but they may have an
oath or a boast to say. If the horn begins to get quite empty when it reaches
you, inform the host, goðar, or gyðja of it and it will be refilled and be blessed by
the remaining liquid. Sumbel may end at any time those conducting it are ready
- when the horn is finally drained, all things are said, or the ritual feels,
by all those in it, to be ending. Sumbel is an open ritual, all people are able
to come and go as they please, although the ritual does have a beginning and an
end.
Make sure the tip of the horn points down ‘Point down and you won’t drown.’
If the point of the horn is pointing towards the ceiling as you drink, you might
find yourself wet with drink, which can be quite embarrassing. If you can, when
you know sumbel is going to be conducted, have a think about what you will say.
There is nothing like feeling bad if you have forgotten to say something, even
though you should not stress. Often other people’s toasts will remind you to
say something when it is your turn. Also do not get too upset if you spill your
drink or choke and think it is a bad omen. It will not be, have faith, and you
will be satisfied with the sumbel.
Sumbel at Yule
I have attended Sumbel during Yule time, but there is no specific time of
the year where it must be done. Our Sumbel was different to the plan above – it
consisted of three rounds, but they were only the final round as mentioned
above –
- our first round was a boast to the 12 months past,
- the second round was
an oath made for the 12 months ahead,
- and our third round was a toast to
whatever we wanted.
With the dozen or so people in the room, the three rounds
went for long enough, you would not want to do any more than that, people often
got restless or left early. The final round mentioned in the above list,
suggests that you do the oath, or the boast, or the toast, or all three in the
same round, saving time.
If you do sumbel once a year at Yule for example, your boast the next time
can be a result of the oath you took the previous year, and whether you have
honestly fulfilled that oath. An oath in turn becomes a boast the following
year. It can be a cycle, if you tend to this ritual annually, and be very satisfactory.
One person doing a boast said they had not much to boast about, when
another member spoke up about how that person just became grandparent, and
should not be so modest. If you are modest, people may pull you up for it and
request that you be proud of what you have achieved.
Sumbel in non-Heathen rites
You may not be
Heathen, you may not have a drinking horn, but you can still invent your own
sumbel ritual. You can use a goblet, toast to your preferred Gods, do three
rounds or only one. You could conduct it at dawn, during a rite on midsummer,
or during the Celtic New Year at Samhain if you choose. You can do anything! To conduct a small sumbel during New Year’s Eve instead of
getting drunk and wildly partying is my idea of a good time these days - to have a relaxing night, and use the
midnight celebration to reflect on my past year and plan for the coming one.
You can involve the
kids in your sumbel, it can be kid friendly (no alcohol, for example). Kids have
boasts and goals as well, you can teach them to set goals this way, and be
proud of what they have done.
Sumbel can be become
quite a poignant occasion for some people, especially when they make it an
annual event. However you chose to conduct it is your own choice, but do not be
afraid to make a ritual of it and understand that the Gods and Ancestors will
hear you.
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| Me at an Ásatrú Yule ritual with a drinking horn |
